sedimentary

Sandstone

Sandstone (Quartz-rich Arenite / SiO2)

Hardness: 6-7 (varies based on cement type); Color: tan, yellow, brownish-buff; Luster: dull to earthy; Texture: granular, medium-grained feel like sandpaper; Cleavage: none; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8

Hardness: 6-7 (varies based on cement type)
Color: tan, yellow, brownish-buff
Luster: dull to earthy

Identified July 26, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed through the accumulation, compaction, and cementation of sand-sized grains of mineral, rock, or organic material. Commonly deposited in desert, river, beach, or shallow marine environments over millions of years.

Uses & applications

Widely used as a construction material, flagstone, paving stone, and decorative building stone. Purified quartz sandstone is also used as a raw material in glass manufacturing.

Geological facts

Sandstone represents about 20 to 25 percent of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Famous geological formations made of sandstone include the Grand Canyon, Zion National Park, and Petra in Jordan.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its sand-like gritty texture and distinct bedding layers. Common worldwide in sedimentary basins, river valleys, and mountain ranges. Great entry-level rock for geological study.

Other sedimentary specimens

See all

Sandstone or Siltstone

Arenite (if sandstone)

Sedimentary

Sedimentary Sandstone

Arenite (Sedimentary Rock)

sedimentary

Fossiliferous Concretion

Septarian Concretion containing Brachiopods/Crinoids

fossil

Shale

Shale (clastic sedimentary rock)

sedimentary

Shale and Pebble Fragment

Sedimentary Rock (Mudstone/Shale with Silica Pebble)

sedimentary

Shale

Argillaceous sedimentary rock

sedimentary