sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Tan, brown, or earthy orange; Luster: Dull or earthy; Structure: Granular/clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Tan, brown, or earthy orange
- Luster
- Dull or earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Tan, brown, or earthy orange; Luster: Dull or earthy; Structure: Granular/clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed over millions of years by the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments (usually quartz). Common in desert, river, and coastal environments.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for paving, building facades, and historically for grinding stones. Also acts as an important reservoir for groundwater and petroleum.
Geological facts
Sandstone represents about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous red rock formations in Sedona, Arizona, and the Grand Canyon are primarily types of sandstone.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty, sandpaper-like feel and visible grains. It is commonly found in dry, arid regions or ancient shorelines. Collectors should look for unique cross-bedding patterns.
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Fossiliferous Sedimentary Rock
Sedimentary limestone with invertebrate fossil imprint
fossil
Sandstone or Siltstone
Arenite (if sandstone)
Sedimentary
Quartz pebble
Silicon dioxide (SiO2)
sedimentary
Generic Pebble / Rock Fragment
Lithic fragment / Weathered rock
sedimentary
Sedimentary Sandstone
Arenite (Sedimentary Rock)
sedimentary
Shale (or Mudstone/Siltstone)
Sedimentary Mudrock (SiO2, Al2O3 base with clay minerals)
sedimentary