sedimentary
Sandstone
Sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized minerals or rock grains
Hardness: 6 to 7 (depending on quartz content); Color: varies widely from tan, brown, yellow, red, grey, to pink; Luster: dull to earthy; Crystal structure: clastic texture with quartz, feldspar, and rock fragments; Cleavage: none; Specific gravity: 2.2 to 2.8
- Hardness
- 6 to 7 (depending on quartz content)
- Color
- varies widely from tan, brown, yellow, red, grey, to pink
- Luster
- dull to earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6 to 7 (depending on quartz content); Color: varies widely from tan, brown, yellow, red, grey, to pink; Luster: dull to earthy; Crystal structure: clastic texture with quartz, feldspar, and rock fragments; Cleavage: none; Specific gravity: 2.2 to 2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation, cementation, and compaction of mineral particles or rock fragments, typically in desert, river, or marine environments over millions of years
Uses & applications
Commonly used in construction as building stone, paving, and flagging, as well as in manufacturing glass and abrasives
Geological facts
Sandstone can absorb water like a natural sponge, making it a common reservoir rock for petroleum and aquifers
Field identification & locations
Easily identified by its gritty, sandpaper-like texture and visible sand grains; found worldwide in sedimentary basins, deserts, and ancient riverbeds
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Arenite (if sandstone)
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Silicon dioxide (SiO2)
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Septarian Concretion containing Brachiopods/Crinoids
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Generic Pebble / Rock Fragment
Lithic fragment / Weathered rock
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Sedimentary Sandstone
Arenite (Sedimentary Rock)
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Banded Siltstone / Mudstone Pebble
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