sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (primarily SiO2)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Brown, tan, red, or yellow; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grainy texture); Cleavage: None (fractures around grains); Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Brown, tan, red, or yellow
- Luster
- Dull or earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Brown, tan, red, or yellow; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grainy texture); Cleavage: None (fractures around grains); Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and lithification of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments (usually quartz). This process involves compaction and cementation over millions of years, typically in desert, river, or coastal environments.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as a building material, paving stone, and in the manufacturing of glass and grindstones. In the petroleum industry, it serves as a critical reservoir rock for oil and natural gas.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous red rock formations of the American Southwest, such as those in the Grand Canyon and Zion National Park, are primarily composed of various sandstone layers.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty, sandpaper-like feel when rubbed. It often displays visible layering (bedding). It is found globally in sedimentary basins, particularly in areas with ancient dried-up seabed or desert history.
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Sandstone or Siltstone
Arenite (if sandstone)
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Silicon dioxide (SiO2)
sedimentary
Generic Pebble / Rock Fragment
Lithic fragment / Weathered rock
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Sedimentary Sandstone
Arenite (Sedimentary Rock)
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Shale (or Mudstone/Siltstone)
Sedimentary Mudrock (SiO2, Al2O3 base with clay minerals)
sedimentary