gemstone
Sapphire
Corundum (Al2O3)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness of 9 on the Mohs scale, deep blue color, vitreous luster, trigonal crystal system, and lack of cleavage with specific gravity around 4.0.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 9 on the Mohs scale, deep blue color, vitreous luster, trigonal crystal system, and lack of cleavage with specific gravity around 4.0.
Formation & geological history
Forms primarily in metamorphic and igneous rocks, such as marble and basalt, through cooling and crystallization under high temperatures and pressures over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Widely used in high-end fine jewelry, industrial bearings, and watch crystal components due to its extreme durability.
Geological facts
Sapphire is the September birthstone and chemically identical to ruby, differing only in trace elements like iron and titanium that produce its blue hue.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its exceptional hardness, high density, and distinct hexagonal crystal habit; commonly sourced from Sri Lanka, Madagascar, and Kashmir.
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