mineral
Sapphire
Corundum (Al2O3)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 9 (Mohs scale), Color: Blue (though can be other colors), Luster: Vitreous to sub-adamantine, Crystal structure: Trigonal, Specific gravity: 3.95-4.03
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Physical properties
Hardness: 9 (Mohs scale), Color: Blue (though can be other colors), Luster: Vitreous to sub-adamantine, Crystal structure: Trigonal, Specific gravity: 3.95-4.03
Formation & geological history
Formed in metamorphic or igneous rocks. Found in alluvial deposits.
Uses & applications
Predominantly used in jewelry due to its hardness and beauty. Historically used for protective value and status.
Geological facts
Sapphire is one of the four precious stones. The blue color is typically caused by trace amounts of iron and titanium.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its high hardness (scratches almost everything except diamond), bright blue color, and specific crystal shapes when rough. Often found in Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Australia, and Montana (USA).
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Other mineral specimens
Gneiss or Schist
Gneiss or Mica Schist with Garnet
Metamorphic
Sandstone (with potential mineral staining/concretions)
Arenite (SiO2 based)
sedimentary
Epidote
Epidote | Ca2(Al2,Fe3+)(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH)
metamorphic
Pegmatite with Tourmaline and Quartz
Igneous Pegmatite
igneous
Granite
Granite (Phaneritic intrusive igneous rock)
igneous
Septarian Pebble
Septarian nodule / Concretion
sedimentary