gemstone
Sapphire
Corundum (Al2O3)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 9 on Mohs scale. Color: Blue (other colors exist). Luster: Vitreous. Crystal structure: Trigonal. Cleavage: None.
- Hardness
- 9 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Blue (other colors exist)
- Luster
- Vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 9 on Mohs scale. Color: Blue (other colors exist). Luster: Vitreous. Crystal structure: Trigonal. Cleavage: None.
Formation & geological history
Forms in igneous rocks like pegmatites or metamorphic rocks like marble and schist under high pressure and temperature.
Uses & applications
Highly valued as a precious gemstone in jewelry. Synthetic sapphire is used in watch crystals and electronics.
Geological facts
Sapphire is the September birthstone. The blue color is typically caused by trace amounts of iron and titanium.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its high hardness (only diamond is harder) and distinct blue color in jewelry settings. Common sources include Sri Lanka, Madagascar, and Australia.
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