gemstone
Sapphire
Corundum (Al2O3)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness of 9 on the Mohs scale, deep blue color, vitreous to adamantine luster, and hexagonal crystal system.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 9 on the Mohs scale, deep blue color, vitreous to adamantine luster, and hexagonal crystal system.
Formation & geological history
Formed in metamorphic or igneous rocks like basalt and marble through high-temperature and pressure processes over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Widely used in high-end jewelry, industrial bearings, and watch crystal fabrication.
Geological facts
Sapphire is the precious variety of corundum encompassing all colors except red, which is designated as ruby.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its extreme hardness, high specific gravity, and characteristic barrel-shaped hexagonal crystals, commonly sourced from Madagascar, Sri Lanka, and Kashmir.
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