gemstone
Sapphire
Corundum (Al2O3)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness of 9 on the Mohs scale. Exhibits a deep blue color, vitreous to adamantine luster, and a trigonal crystal system.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 9 on the Mohs scale. Exhibits a deep blue color, vitreous to adamantine luster, and a trigonal crystal system.
Formation & geological history
Forms in aluminum-rich metamorphic or igneous rocks like pegmatites and marbles under high pressure and temperature.
Uses & applications
Widely used in fine jewelry, watch crystals, and industrial cutting tools.
Geological facts
Sapphire is the September birthstone and shares the exact same mineral species as ruby, differing only in color.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its extreme hardness, lack of cleavage, and characteristic hexagonal growth zoning or inclusions.
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