metamorphic
Serpentine (likely serpentinite)
Serpentine-group minerals, chiefly antigorite, lizardite, or chrysotile; approximate formula Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectPale green, waxy to greasy luster with dark mottling and possible veining; typically massive and fine-grained, Mohs hardness 2.5–4, with poor cleavage and specific gravity about 2.5–2.6. The elongated piece appears polished or shaped.
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Physical properties
Pale green, waxy to greasy luster with dark mottling and possible veining; typically massive and fine-grained, Mohs hardness 2.5–4, with poor cleavage and specific gravity about 2.5–2.6. The elongated piece appears polished or shaped.
Formation & geological history
Forms when magnesium-rich ultramafic rocks such as peridotite hydrate during low-temperature metamorphism and hydrothermal alteration, commonly in oceanic crust and subduction zones. Ages vary widely from Precambrian to recent tectonic settings.
Uses & applications
Used as ornamental stone, carvings, beads, cabochons, and occasionally architectural facing; historically used for decorative objects. Chrysotile-rich material may contain asbestos and should not be cut, drilled, or powdered without testing and controls.
Geological facts
Its mottled green appearance can resemble jade, but serpentine is generally softer and less dense. A polished surface and rounded form can obscure its original rock texture.
Field identification & locations
Common in ultramafic belts, ophiolites, and serpentinite terrains, including California, Italy, New Zealand, Canada, and Afghanistan. Field clues include green color, waxy feel, low hardness, and dark magnetite-rich specks; definitive identification may require microscopy or Raman/XRD testing.
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