metamorphic
Serpentine
Serpentinite (Mg, Fe, Ni, Al, Zn, Mn)2-3(Si, Al, Fe)2O5(OH)4
Hardness: 3-6 (Mohs scale), Color: light to dark green (waxy), Luster: greasy or silky, Crystal structure: Monoclinic, Cleavage: poor, Specific gravity: 2.5-2.6
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-6 (Mohs scale), Color: light to dark green (waxy), Luster: greasy or silky, Crystal structure: Monoclinic, Cleavage: poor, Specific gravity: 2.5-2.6
Formation & geological history
Formed through the hydrothermal metamorphism of ultramafic rocks (peridotite) from the Earth's mantle, a process called serpentinization, typically at tectonic plate boundaries.
Uses & applications
Used as a decorative architectural stone, source of asbestos (in certain varieties), for carving ornaments, and as a gemstone (Williamsite or 'New Jade').
Geological facts
It is the official state rock of California; the name comes from the green color and mottled 'snake-like' appearance of the rock texture.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its characteristic greasy feel and waxy luster. Common in ophiolite complexes. Collectors look for translucent green pieces with unique patterns.
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