metamorphic
Serpentine
Serpentine group ((Mg,Fe,Ni,Al,Zn,Mn)3(Si,Al)2O5(OH)4)
Hardness: 3.0-6.0 on the Mohs scale. Color: Shades of green, yellowish-green, dark gray-green. Luster: Greasy, waxy, or silky. Crystal structure: Monoclinic/Orthorhombic. Specific gravity: 2.5-2.6.
- Hardness
- 3
- Color
- Shades of green, yellowish-green, dark gray-green
- Luster
- Greasy, waxy, or silky
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3.0-6.0 on the Mohs scale. Color: Shades of green, yellowish-green, dark gray-green. Luster: Greasy, waxy, or silky. Crystal structure: Monoclinic/Orthorhombic. Specific gravity: 2.5-2.6.
Formation & geological history
Formed through serpentinization, a low-temperature metamorphic process where ultramafic igneous rocks (like peridotite and pyroxenite) react with water and heat deep within Earth's crust.
Uses & applications
Used historically as a source of asbestos (chrysotile), dimension stone, carving material, decorative lapidary work, and gemological cabochons.
Geological facts
Serpentine is the official state rock of California. It often feels soapy or greasy to the touch and forms in oceanic crust subduction zones.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its signature mottled greenish color, greasy luster, and relatively soft feeling. Common in subduction zones and ophiolite complexes in California, Vermont, Italy, Russia, and Canada.
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