metamorphic
Serpentine
Serpentinite (Mg, Fe, Ni, Al, Zn, Mn)2-3(Si, Al, Fe)2O5(OH)4
Hardness: 3-6 (Mohs scale); Color: green to greenish-blue; Luster: waxy, greasy, or silky; Crystal structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: poor; Specific gravity: 2.2 - 2.9
- Hardness
- 3-6 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- green to greenish-blue
- Luster
- waxy, greasy, or silky
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-6 (Mohs scale); Color: green to greenish-blue; Luster: waxy, greasy, or silky; Crystal structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: poor; Specific gravity: 2.2 - 2.9
Formation & geological history
Formed by the hydrothermal metamorphism (serpentinization) of ultramafic rocks like peridotite from the Earth's mantle, typically at tectonic plate boundaries or mid-ocean ridges.
Uses & applications
Used as a source of asbestos (historical), architectural stone, decorative carvings, and as a collector's mineral. Some varieties are used as semi-precious gemstones.
Geological facts
Serpentine is the state rock of California. Its name is derived from its resemblance to the skin of a snake. It can sometimes contain magnetite, making it slightly magnetic.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its characteristic 'snake-skin' green color and waxy feel. It is commonly found in ophiolite complexes and subduction zones. Collectors should look for unique banding or translucent varieties.
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