metamorphic
Serpentine
Antigorite, Lizardite, or Chrysotile; (Mg,Fe)3Si2O5(OH)4
Hardness: 2.5-5.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Pale to dark green, yellow-green; Luster: Greasy, waxy, or silky; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Poor; Specific Gravity: 2.5-2.6.
- Hardness
- 2
- Color
- Pale to dark green, yellow-green
- Luster
- Greasy, waxy, or silky
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Physical properties
Hardness: 2.5-5.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Pale to dark green, yellow-green; Luster: Greasy, waxy, or silky; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Poor; Specific Gravity: 2.5-2.6.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the hydrothermal alteration of ultramafic igneous rocks (like peridotite or pyroxenite) at low temperatures and in the presence of water. This process is called serpentinization and occurs primarily at tectonic plate boundaries.
Uses & applications
Used as an architectural stone (Verde Antique), for carvings and sculptures, a source of magnesium, and historically as a source of asbestos. High-grade specimens are used in jewelry as 'New Jade'.
Geological facts
Serpentine is the state rock of California. The name comes from the Latin 'serpentinus', meaning snake-like, due to its green color and scaly appearance. It often forms part of an ophiolite complex, representing pieces of oceanic crust pushed onto land.
Field identification & locations
Identifiable by its greasy feel and green color. Look for it in areas with high metamorphic activity or along subduction zones. Collectors should check hardness to distinguish it from true jade (which is much harder).
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