metamorphic
Serpentine
Serpentinite (composed primarily of Mg3Si2O5(OH)4)
Hardness: 3-6 Mohs; Color: Olive green to yellow-green; Luster: Waxy, greasy, or silky; Crystal structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Good (often fibrous or sheet-like); Specific gravity: 2.5-2.6
- Hardness
- 3-6 Mohs
- Color
- Olive green to yellow-green
- Luster
- Waxy, greasy, or silky
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-6 Mohs; Color: Olive green to yellow-green; Luster: Waxy, greasy, or silky; Crystal structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Good (often fibrous or sheet-like); Specific gravity: 2.5-2.6
Formation & geological history
Formed through the hydration of ultramafic rocks (like peridotite) from the Earth's mantle, typically at tectonic plate boundaries via a process called serpentinization.
Uses & applications
Used for ornamental carvings, architectural stone, as a source for magnesium, and historically as a component in asbestos products (though chrysotile is the toxic variety).
Geological facts
It is the state rock of California and gets its name from its snake-skin appearance. Some varieties are fluorescent under UV light.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its characteristic 'greasy' feel and apple-green to dark-green color. Often found in mountain belts and ophiolite complexes. Check for a waxy luster that distinguishes it from common green stones.
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