metamorphic
Serpentine
Antigorite/Chrysotile group ((Mg,Fe,Ni,Al,Zn,Mn)3(Si,Al,Fe)2O5(OH)4)
Hardness: 3-6 Mohs. Color: Olive green to yellowish-green with dark mottled veins. Luster: Greasy, waxy, or silky. Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (often massive). Specific Gravity: 2.5-2.6.
- Hardness
- 3-6 Mohs
- Color
- Olive green to yellowish-green with dark mottled veins
- Luster
- Greasy, waxy, or silky
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-6 Mohs. Color: Olive green to yellowish-green with dark mottled veins. Luster: Greasy, waxy, or silky. Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (often massive). Specific Gravity: 2.5-2.6.
Formation & geological history
Forms through the serpentinization of ultramafic rocks (like peridotite) from the Earth's mantle under low temperatures and in the presence of water, typically at tectonic plate boundaries or hydrothermal vents.
Uses & applications
Used as an ornamental stone for carvings, architectural veneers, and jewelry (often called 'New Jade'). Historically used as a source of asbestos, though this tumbled variety is safe.
Geological facts
Serpentine is the official state rock of California. Its name is derived from the Latin 'serpentinus', meaning 'serpent rock,' due to its green color and scaly, mottled appearance resembling snake skin.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its characteristic greasy feel and mottled green patterns. It is softer than jade and can usually be scratched by a steel copper penny or knife. Found in Ophiolite complexes worldwide.
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