metamorphic
Serpentinite with carbonate veins
Serpentinite; chiefly serpentine-group minerals (antigorite/lizardite, Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄) with white calcite or magnesite veins
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectTypically dark olive-green, waxy to dull luster, massive and fine-grained; Mohs hardness about 2.5–4, with irregular fracture and no obvious cleavage. The contrasting white veins are softer carbonate minerals, commonly calcite.
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Physical properties
Typically dark olive-green, waxy to dull luster, massive and fine-grained; Mohs hardness about 2.5–4, with irregular fracture and no obvious cleavage. The contrasting white veins are softer carbonate minerals, commonly calcite.
Formation & geological history
Forms when ultramafic mantle rocks such as peridotite hydrate during hydrothermal alteration, commonly along tectonic plate boundaries and subduction zones. The rock may range from ancient Precambrian to much younger ages depending on its geological setting.
Uses & applications
Used as decorative stone, carvings, countertops, and landscaping material; some varieties are collectible. It is generally unsuitable for high-wear applications and may contain trace asbestos-forming minerals.
Geological facts
The green color comes from serpentine minerals and iron; white vein networks commonly record fluid movement through fractures. Vinegar or dilute hydrochloric acid may fizz on exposed calcite veins.
Field identification & locations
Common in ophiolites and metamorphic belts worldwide, including California, Italy, New Zealand, and Canada. Field identification relies on its green color, relatively low hardness, smooth/waxy feel, and carbonate-vein reaction to acid.
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