metamorphic
Serpentinite
Serpentinite (Mg, Fe, Ni, Al, Zn, Mn)2-3(Si, Al, Fe)2O5(OH)4
Hardness: 3-6 (Mohs scale); Color: Olive green to dark green with black veins; Luster: Greasy, waxy, or silky; Structure: Massive or fibrous; Feel: Slippery or soap-like.
- Hardness
- 3-6 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Olive green to dark green with black veins
- Luster
- Greasy, waxy, or silky
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-6 (Mohs scale); Color: Olive green to dark green with black veins; Luster: Greasy, waxy, or silky; Structure: Massive or fibrous; Feel: Slippery or soap-like.
Formation & geological history
Formed by the hydrothermal metamorphism (serpentinization) of mafic and ultramafic rocks from the Earth's mantle (like peridotite) at tectonic plate boundaries.
Uses & applications
Used as decorative stone, architectural facing, and historically as a source of asbestos. Tumbled pieces are popular in lapidary arts and as pocket stones.
Geological facts
Serpentinite is the official state rock of California. It often hosts rare plants that have adapted to its high magnesium and heavy metal content and low calcium levels.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its characteristic 'serpentine' green color and greasy feel. Often found in ophiolite complexes and mountain ranges like the Alps, Appalachians, and the California Coast Ranges.
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