metamorphic
Serpentinite
Serpentine group minerals ((Mg, Fe)3Si2O5(OH)4)
Hardness: 3–6 (Mohs scale); Color: Dark green, grayish-green, or black with Mottled appearances; Luster: Waxy to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Poor
- Hardness
- 3–6 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Dark green, grayish-green, or black with Mottled appearances
- Luster
- Waxy to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3–6 (Mohs scale); Color: Dark green, grayish-green, or black with Mottled appearances; Luster: Waxy to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Poor
Formation & geological history
Formed through the hydration and metamorphic transformation of ultramafic rock from the Earth's mantle (peridotite) at relatively low temperatures.
Uses & applications
Used as decorative architectural stone, source of asbestos (historically), and occasionally as a gemstone or for carvings.
Geological facts
Serpentinite is the official state rock of California. It often forms 'serpentine soils' that are toxic to many plants but host unique, endemic species.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its waxy 'snake-skin' Appearance, soapy feel, and greenish color. Common in ophiolite belts where oceanic crust was shoved onto continental margins.
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