metamorphic
Serpentinite
Serpentinite (composed primarily of Serpentine group minerals like Antigorite, Lizardite, or Chrysotile)
Hardness: 3-6 on Mohs scale; Color: typically dark green, bluish-gray, or greenish-black; Luster: waxy, greasy, or silky; Crystal Structure: monoclinic/triclinic; Cleavage: poor; Specific Gravity: 2.5-3.2
- Hardness
- 3-6 on Mohs scale
- Color
- typically dark green, bluish-gray, or greenish-black
- Luster
- waxy, greasy, or silky
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-6 on Mohs scale; Color: typically dark green, bluish-gray, or greenish-black; Luster: waxy, greasy, or silky; Crystal Structure: monoclinic/triclinic; Cleavage: poor; Specific Gravity: 2.5-3.2
Formation & geological history
Formed through the hydration and metamorphic transformation of ultramafic rock from the Earth's mantle, typically at tectonic plate boundaries (subduction zones) where water meets hot peridotite rocks.
Uses & applications
Used as decorative architectural stone, a source of magnesium, and historically as a source of asbestos. High-quality translucent varieties are used for carvings and jewelry known as 'new jade'.
Geological facts
Serpentinite is the state rock of California. It often creates 'serpentine soils' that are chemically harsh for most plants, leading to unique ecosystems of endemic rare plant species.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its characteristic 'snake-skin' appearance, dark green mottled color, and smooth or waxy feel. It is commonly found in ophiolite complexes and along major fault lines.
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