metamorphic
Serpentinite
Serpentinite (containing Antigorite, Lizardite, and/or Chrysotile)
Hardness: 3-6 (Mohs scale); Color: green, black, yellow, gray; Luster: waxy, greasy, or silky; Crystal system: monoclinic; Specific gravity: 2.5-2.6
- Hardness
- 3-6 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- green, black, yellow, gray
- Luster
- waxy, greasy, or silky
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-6 (Mohs scale); Color: green, black, yellow, gray; Luster: waxy, greasy, or silky; Crystal system: monoclinic; Specific gravity: 2.5-2.6
Formation & geological history
Formed through serpentinization, an exothermic hydration of ultramafic rocks (like peridotite) from the Earth's mantle at low temperatures and high pressures, often in subduction zones or mid-ocean ridges.
Uses & applications
Used as a decorative stone, in construction as stone veneer, as a precursor to magnesium, and historically as a source of asbestos. High-quality specimens are used for carvings and jewelry.
Geological facts
Serpentinite is the state rock of California. It often creates unique soil chemistry that supports rare and endemic plant species. The process of its formation can release hydrogen gas and methane.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its characteristic green color, waxy feel, and common association with ocean-floor geological environments. It is often found in the Coast Ranges of California, the Alps, and New Zealand.
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