mineral
Sphalerite with Galena
Zinc Sulfide ((Zn,Fe)S) and Lead Sulfide (PbS)
Mohs hardness 3.5-4 (Sphalerite) and 2.5 (Galena); Color varies from yellow, brown, to metallic silver-grey; Resin-like to metallic luster; Isometric/Cubic crystal system; Perfect cleavage in multiple directions.
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Physical properties
Mohs hardness 3.5-4 (Sphalerite) and 2.5 (Galena); Color varies from yellow, brown, to metallic silver-grey; Resin-like to metallic luster; Isometric/Cubic crystal system; Perfect cleavage in multiple directions.
Formation & geological history
Formed through hydrothermal processes in low to medium temperature vein deposits, often replacing limestone or dolomite through metasomatism; geologic age varies by deposit locality.
Uses & applications
Primary ore of zinc and lead; used in the production of galvanizing steel, batteries, and solders; significant for mineral collectors due to complex crystal habits.
Geological facts
Sphalerite is often called 'Black-Jack' by miners when dark in color. It is notable for having a 'rotten egg' smell when scratched or treated with hydrochloric acid due to the release of hydrogen sulfide gas.
Field identification & locations
Identified by high density (heavy for its size), resinous luster on fresh surfaces, and the metallic grey streak of the associated galena; commonly found in Missouri (Tri-State district), Mexico, and Peru.
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