mineral

Sphalerite

Zinc sulfide (Zn, Fe)S

Hardness: 3.5 to 4 (Mohs); Color: Honey-yellow to reddish-brown; Luster: Adamantine to resinous; Crystal structure: Isometric; Cleavage: Perfect dodecahedral; Specific Gravity: 3.9 to 4.1

Hardness: 3
Color: Honey-yellow to reddish-brown
Luster: Adamantine to resinous

Identified July 20, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 3.5 to 4 (Mohs); Color: Honey-yellow to reddish-brown; Luster: Adamantine to resinous; Crystal structure: Isometric; Cleavage: Perfect dodecahedral; Specific Gravity: 3.9 to 4.1

Formation & geological history

Formed in low to moderate temperature hydrothermal veins, often found in carbonate rocks through replacement processes. It occurs with minerals like galena and fluorite.

Uses & applications

Primary ore of zinc. High-quality transparent specimens are faceted for collectors due to extreme fire (dispersion), but are too soft for regular jewelry wear.

Geological facts

Sphalerite has a dispersion of 0.156, which is more than three times higher than that of a diamond (0.044), giving it incredible internal 'fire'.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its resinous luster, perfect cleavage, and the streak test, which often smells of sulfur. Commonly found in Spain (Picos de Europa) and North America.