mineral
Sphalerite
Zinc Sulfide (Zn,Fe)S
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 3.5 to 4.0; Color: yellowish-brown to black; Luster: Adamantine to resinous; Crystal structure: Isometric (regularly forms as tetrahedrons); Cleavage: Perfect dodecahedral in six directions; Specific gravity: 3.9 to 4.1.
- Hardness
- 3
- Color
- yellowish-brown to black
- Luster
- Adamantine to resinous
Identified More mineral →
Explore Sphalerite in the encyclopedia →Identify your own rocks.
Get a report just like this from any photo, free.
Physical properties
Hardness: 3.5 to 4.0; Color: yellowish-brown to black; Luster: Adamantine to resinous; Crystal structure: Isometric (regularly forms as tetrahedrons); Cleavage: Perfect dodecahedral in six directions; Specific gravity: 3.9 to 4.1.
Formation & geological history
Forms primarily in hydrothermal veins and replacement deposits. It is often found in sedimentary environments through precipitation in limestone and dolomite. It is a common sulfide mineral across various geological ages.
Uses & applications
The primary ore of zinc, used for galvanizing iron, making brass and bronze, and in the production of batteries. High-quality specimens are cut as gemstones, though they are soft for jewelry. Highly valued by mineral collectors.
Geological facts
Sphalerite is often called 'Black-Jack' by miners due to its dark color. It is known for its high dispersion (0.156), which is over three times that of a diamond, resulting in spectacular 'fire' in clear specimens.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its resinous luster, perfect cleavage, and a pale yellow to brown streak. Commonly found in locations like Joplin (Missouri), Leadville (Colorado), and various mines in Spain and Mexico.
