mineral
Topaz
Al2SiO4(F,OH)2
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness of 8 on the Mohs scale, vitreous luster, orthorhombic crystal system, perfect basal cleavage, and specific gravity around 3.4-3.6. Colors range from colorless and yellow to blue and pink.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 8 on the Mohs scale, vitreous luster, orthorhombic crystal system, perfect basal cleavage, and specific gravity around 3.4-3.6. Colors range from colorless and yellow to blue and pink.
Formation & geological history
Forms primarily in silica-rich igneous rocks like pegmatites and rhyolites, as well as in hydrothermal veins and cavity fillings in metamorphic rocks.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in high-end jewelry, faceted gemstones, and industrial abrasive or refractory applications.
Geological facts
Topaz is one of the hardest naturally occurring minerals on Earth and serves as the index mineral for hardness 8 on the Mohs scale.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its high hardness, distinctive crystal habit, and basal cleavage. Commonly sourced from Brazil, Pakistan, Russia, and the United States.
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Other mineral specimens
Gneiss or Schist
Gneiss or Mica Schist with Garnet
Metamorphic
Limonite
FeO(OH)•nH2O
mineral
Sandstone (with potential mineral staining/concretions)
Arenite (SiO2 based)
sedimentary
Tumbled granite
Granite, a coarse-grained felsic intrusive igneous rock
igneous
Pegmatite with Tourmaline and Quartz
Igneous Pegmatite
igneous
Epidote
Epidote | Ca2(Al2,Fe3+)(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH)
metamorphic