mineral
Topaz
Aluminum silicate fluoride hydroxide, Al2SiO4(F,OH)2
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectMohs hardness 8, vitreous luster, orthorhombic crystal system, perfect basal cleavage, and specific gravity around 3.4-3.6.
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Physical properties
Mohs hardness 8, vitreous luster, orthorhombic crystal system, perfect basal cleavage, and specific gravity around 3.4-3.6.
Formation & geological history
Forms primarily in igneous rocks like pegmatites and granites, as well as in hydrothermal veins and cavities.
Uses & applications
Widely used as a precious gemstone in jewelry and as an industrial abrasive.
Geological facts
Natural topaz can be colorless, but radiation or heat treatment can produce vibrant blue, yellow, or pink hues.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its high hardness (scratches quartz), prismatic crystals, and perfect cleavage; found in Brazil, Russia, and the USA.
