mineral
Topaz
Al2SiO4(F,OH)2
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness of 8 on the Mohs scale, typically yellow, blue, or colorless with a vitreous luster. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic system and exhibits perfect basal cleavage.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 8 on the Mohs scale, typically yellow, blue, or colorless with a vitreous luster. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic system and exhibits perfect basal cleavage.
Formation & geological history
Forms in igneous rocks like granites and pegmatites through the cooling of fluorine-rich vapors during the final stages of crystallization.
Uses & applications
Widely used in high-end jewelry as a gemstone and utilized in industrial applications for its abrasive properties.
Geological facts
Topaz is the birthstone for November and the state gemstone of Utah. The 'El-Dorrado Topaz' is the largest faceted gemstone of its kind, weighing 31,000 carats.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its high hardness (scratching quartz) and characteristic orthorhombic crystal prism shape. Commonly found in Brazil, Russia, Pakistan, and the United States.
