gemstone
Topaz
Al2SiO4(F,OH)2
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness of 8 on the Mohs scale, typically yellow to colorless, vitreous luster, and orthorhombic crystal system.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 8 on the Mohs scale, typically yellow to colorless, vitreous luster, and orthorhombic crystal system.
Formation & geological history
Forms in pegmatites and high-temperature hydrothermal veins, often associated with silicic igneous rocks.
Uses & applications
Used extensively as a gemstone in jewelry and in precision industrial applications.
Geological facts
Topaz is one of the hardest naturally occurring minerals and can be treated to produce vibrant blue hues.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its high hardness, perfect basal cleavage, and distinct crystal habit; found globally including in Brazil and the USA.
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