mineral
Tumbled amber-colored chalcedony (likely carnelian)
Quartz, microcrystalline SiO₂; orange variety commonly called carnelian
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectTranslucent orange-brown, waxy to vitreous luster, cryptocrystalline structure, no visible cleavage, Mohs hardness 6.5–7, specific gravity about 2.6. The smoothly rounded shape indicates tumbling or natural abrasion; color may be enhanced by heat or dye.
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Physical properties
Translucent orange-brown, waxy to vitreous luster, cryptocrystalline structure, no visible cleavage, Mohs hardness 6.5–7, specific gravity about 2.6. The smoothly rounded shape indicates tumbling or natural abrasion; color may be enhanced by heat or dye.
Formation & geological history
Forms when silica-rich groundwater fills cavities and fractures, later precipitating as chalcedony; iron produces the orange-red color. Deposits occur in volcanic and sedimentary terrains, generally ranging from Paleozoic to Cenozoic age.
Uses & applications
Used for cabochons, beads, carvings, seals, and inexpensive jewelry; also collected as a decorative stone.
Geological facts
Carnelian is a variety of chalcedony, itself a form of quartz. Strong translucency and uniform color distinguish it from many opaque jasper varieties.
Field identification & locations
Common sources include India, Brazil, Uruguay, Madagascar, and the United States. Identification is supported by hardness, waxy luster, translucency, and resistance to scratching by steel; definitive testing may require gemological examination.
