mineral
Tumbled brown jasper (likely brecciated or scenic jasper)
Microcrystalline quartz/chalcedony, SiO₂, with iron-oxide inclusions
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectOpaque dark brown to reddish-brown with golden-yellow iron staining and subtle banding; vitreous to waxy luster, no visible cleavage, conchoidal fracture, and Mohs hardness about 6.5–7. Typically specific gravity is ~2.6.
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Physical properties
Opaque dark brown to reddish-brown with golden-yellow iron staining and subtle banding; vitreous to waxy luster, no visible cleavage, conchoidal fracture, and Mohs hardness about 6.5–7. Typically specific gravity is ~2.6.
Formation & geological history
Forms when silica-rich groundwater fills fractures or replaces sediment, while iron oxides create the brown, red, and yellow patterns. Jasper deposits commonly formed during ancient volcanic and sedimentary activity, often from the Precambrian through Mesozoic eras.
Uses & applications
Used for ornamental carvings, cabochons, beads, polished stones, and lapidary work; its durability makes it suitable for decorative objects rather than structural construction.
Geological facts
Jasper is an opaque variety of chalcedony, unlike translucent agate. The specimen appears polished or tumbled, so its rounded shape and glossy surface are human-processed.
Field identification & locations
Identify it by its opaque earthy colors, fine-grained texture, hardness, and lack of cleavage; a steel file should have difficulty scratching it. Common sources include India, Madagascar, Brazil, Australia, and the western United States.
