mineral
Tumbled carnelian (reddish-orange chalcedony)
Chalcedony, microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), colored by iron oxides
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectMohs hardness 6.5–7; orange-brown, translucent to opaque, vitreous to waxy luster, cryptocrystalline quartz structure, with no visible cleavage. The smooth rounded shape and sheen indicate tumbling or polishing.
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Physical properties
Mohs hardness 6.5–7; orange-brown, translucent to opaque, vitreous to waxy luster, cryptocrystalline quartz structure, with no visible cleavage. The smooth rounded shape and sheen indicate tumbling or polishing.
Formation & geological history
Forms as silica-rich deposits in cavities and veins, with iron impurities producing its warm color; chalcedony occurs in rocks of many ages. Common sources include India, Brazil, Uruguay, and Madagascar.
Uses & applications
Used for beads, cabochons, carvings, and decorative objects; historically made into seals and jewelry.
Geological facts
Carnelian is a variety of chalcedony, not a separate mineral species; heating can deepen or alter its color.
Field identification & locations
Look for a hard, fine-grained, often slightly translucent stone with a waxy sheen and no cleavage; iron-colored bands may occur. This small polished specimen is consistent with carnelian, though a photo alone cannot confirm identity.
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Mineral