mineral

Tumbled carnelian

Carnelian, a red-orange variety of microcrystalline chalcedony (SiO₂)

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Mohs hardness 6.5–7; translucent orange-brown body with darker inclusions, vitreous to waxy luster, cryptocrystalline quartz, and no visible cleavage. Its smooth rounded shape indicates tumbling and polishing.

Identified September 15, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms when iron impurities color chalcedony in silica-rich volcanic cavities, veins, or sedimentary deposits; the material may be millions to hundreds of millions of years old. Common sources include India, Brazil, Uruguay, Madagascar, and Botswana.

Uses & applications

Used for beads, cabochons, carvings, seals, and ornamental objects; durable polished pieces are popular in jewelry and mineral collections.

Geological facts

Carnelian’s color ranges from yellow-orange to deep reddish brown and can darken with heating. Ancient Egyptians, Greeks, Romans, and Mesopotamians used it for amulets and engraved gems.

Field identification & locations

Identify it by its uniform orange-red chalcedony color, translucency, quartz hardness, and absence of cleavage; it should scratch glass but not be scratched by a steel blade. Dark spots may be iron-rich inclusions or pits.