Rock Identifier
Tumbled chalcedony (likely carnelian or jasper) (Microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂; reddish varieties are carnelian, while more opaque material may be jasper) — mineral
mineral

Tumbled chalcedony (likely carnelian or jasper)

Microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂; reddish varieties are carnelian, while more opaque material may be jasper

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness 6.5–7 Mohs; reddish-brown, gray, and cream coloration with a waxy to dull luster, cryptocrystalline structure, and no visible cleavage. The rounded shape and surface wear indicate tumbling or natural abrasion.

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Physical properties

Hardness 6.5–7 Mohs; reddish-brown, gray, and cream coloration with a waxy to dull luster, cryptocrystalline structure, and no visible cleavage. The rounded shape and surface wear indicate tumbling or natural abrasion.

Formation & geological history

Forms when silica-rich groundwater fills cavities and fractures in volcanic rocks, precipitating microscopic quartz fibers; iron produces the red-brown color. Deposits range from Paleozoic to recent, depending on locality.

Uses & applications

Used for beads, cabochons, carvings, decorative stone, and lapidary practice; jasper is also used for ornamental objects and aggregate.

Geological facts

Chalcedony is quartz whose crystals are too small to see unaided; carnelian is its translucent orange-red variety, while jasper is generally opaque because of impurities.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its glass-scratching hardness, waxy surface, lack of cleavage, and mottled or semitranslucent appearance. Common sources include Brazil, India, Uruguay, Madagascar, and the western United States.