
mineral
Tumbled orange-and-white chalcedony (likely carnelian or orange agate)
Microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂; chalcedony variety, possibly iron-colored carnelian
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectMohs hardness 6.5–7; waxy to vitreous luster, translucent orange and cream bands, cryptocrystalline quartz, no visible cleavage, specific gravity about 2.60. Its rounded shape and glossy surface indicate mechanical tumbling and polishing.
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Physical properties
Mohs hardness 6.5–7; waxy to vitreous luster, translucent orange and cream bands, cryptocrystalline quartz, no visible cleavage, specific gravity about 2.60. Its rounded shape and glossy surface indicate mechanical tumbling and polishing.
Formation & geological history
Silica-rich groundwater deposited microscopic quartz in cavities and fractures, with iron oxides producing the orange-red color; formation can range from Paleozoic to Cenozoic depending on source locality. The exact geological age cannot be determined from the image.
Uses & applications
Used for beads, cabochons, carvings, ornaments, and inexpensive collectible specimens; durable enough for some jewelry but less valuable than transparent gem quartz.
Geological facts
Carnelian is orange-red chalcedony, while agate generally shows distinct curved or parallel banding; this specimen appears weakly banded or color-zoned, so “orange chalcedony” is safest.
Field identification & locations
Common in volcanic-rock cavities and alluvial gravels, especially in Brazil, Uruguay, India, Madagascar, and the United States. Identify with its waxy translucence, hardness, conchoidal fracture, and lack of fizz in dilute acid; glass imitations may show bubbles.
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