gemstone

Tumbled orange chalcedony or carnelian

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), likely iron-stained chalcedony/carnelian

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness about 6.5–7 Mohs; translucent orange to honey-brown, waxy to slightly glassy luster, cryptocrystalline structure, and no visible cleavage. The rounded shape appears tumbled or naturally water-worn; surface inclusions may be iron-oxide staining or minor fractures.

Identified September 9, 2026More gemstone →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms when silica-rich groundwater fills cavities and fractures, later becoming microcrystalline quartz; orange color typically comes from dispersed hematite or limonite. Chalcedony deposits range from Paleozoic to recent, depending on locality.

Uses & applications

Used for cabochons, beads, carvings, ornaments, and lapidary collections; finer translucent carnelian is used in jewelry and occasionally seals.

Geological facts

Carnelian is the orange-red variety of chalcedony, while paler honey-orange material may simply be called orange chalcedony. Heat treatment can intensify its color.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its uniform waxy appearance, lack of cleavage, and ability to scratch glass; it should not fizz in dilute acid. Common sources include India, Brazil, Uruguay, Madagascar, and the western United States.