Rock Identifier
Tumbled red jasper and related pebbles (Jasper, a microcrystalline variety of quartz (SiO₂), commonly containing hematite/goethite and other iron oxides) — mineral
mineral

Tumbled red jasper and related pebbles

Jasper, a microcrystalline variety of quartz (SiO₂), commonly containing hematite/goethite and other iron oxides

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Opaque reddish-brown to maroon, earthy to vitreous luster, quartz microcrystals, no visible cleavage, conchoidal fracture; Mohs hardness about 6.5–7 and specific gravity roughly 2.5–2.7. The pieces appear rounded and polished/tumbled, with some darker possibly basaltic or iron-rich fragments.

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Physical properties

Opaque reddish-brown to maroon, earthy to vitreous luster, quartz microcrystals, no visible cleavage, conchoidal fracture; Mohs hardness about 6.5–7 and specific gravity roughly 2.5–2.7. The pieces appear rounded and polished/tumbled, with some darker possibly basaltic or iron-rich fragments.

Formation & geological history

Jasper forms when silica-rich fluids replace or cement volcanic ash, sediment, or other rock, with iron oxides producing the red coloration. Deposits occur in many ages, from Precambrian iron-formations to younger volcanic and sedimentary settings.

Uses & applications

Used for cabochons, beads, carvings, ornaments, lapidary rough, and decorative stone; occasionally as aggregate or facing stone. Common tumbled pieces have modest commercial value.

Geological facts

Color intensity reflects finely dispersed iron oxides rather than large visible crystals. Jasper is cryptocrystalline quartz and is often difficult to distinguish visually from red chert or heavily iron-stained volcanic rock.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its opaque red-brown color, very hard glassy edges, lack of cleavage, and inability to scratch it with a steel knife easily; it should scratch glass. Common locations include India, Madagascar, Brazil, South Africa, Australia, and the western United States.