mineral

Tumbled turquoise cabochon

Turquoise, CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Opaque blue-green, typically waxy to subvitreous luster; Mohs hardness 5–6, triclinic structure, and no prominent cleavage. The smooth oval shape indicates tumbling or polishing; matrix is not visible.

Identified August 24, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Turquoise forms as a secondary phosphate mineral in arid, copper-rich, aluminum-bearing rocks, commonly by groundwater alteration. Deposits are generally young geologically, often Cenozoic, though turquoise can form over multiple geological episodes.

Uses & applications

Used for cabochons, beads, carvings, and ornamental objects; it is also a collectible gemstone. High-quality, natural untreated turquoise is substantially more valuable than stabilized or dyed material.

Geological facts

Its blue color comes mainly from copper, while iron commonly shifts it toward green. The image alone cannot reliably distinguish natural turquoise from dyed howlite, magnesite, or synthetic imitation.

Field identification & locations

Common sources include Iran, Arizona and Nevada, China, Mexico, Chile, and Australia. Field identification relies on opaque blue-green color, relatively low hardness, waxy texture, and copper-bearing host rocks; avoid acid or destructive tests.