mineral
Tumbled turquoise cabochon
Turquoise, CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectOpaque blue-green, typically waxy to subvitreous luster; Mohs hardness 5–6, triclinic structure, and no prominent cleavage. The smooth oval shape indicates tumbling or polishing; matrix is not visible.
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Physical properties
Opaque blue-green, typically waxy to subvitreous luster; Mohs hardness 5–6, triclinic structure, and no prominent cleavage. The smooth oval shape indicates tumbling or polishing; matrix is not visible.
Formation & geological history
Turquoise forms as a secondary phosphate mineral in arid, copper-rich, aluminum-bearing rocks, commonly by groundwater alteration. Deposits are generally young geologically, often Cenozoic, though turquoise can form over multiple geological episodes.
Uses & applications
Used for cabochons, beads, carvings, and ornamental objects; it is also a collectible gemstone. High-quality, natural untreated turquoise is substantially more valuable than stabilized or dyed material.
Geological facts
Its blue color comes mainly from copper, while iron commonly shifts it toward green. The image alone cannot reliably distinguish natural turquoise from dyed howlite, magnesite, or synthetic imitation.
Field identification & locations
Common sources include Iran, Arizona and Nevada, China, Mexico, Chile, and Australia. Field identification relies on opaque blue-green color, relatively low hardness, waxy texture, and copper-bearing host rocks; avoid acid or destructive tests.
