mineral

Tumbled turquoise (likely matrix-bearing)

Turquoise, hydrated copper aluminum phosphate: CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Identified August 16, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Typically Mohs hardness 5–6, opaque blue-green to green, waxy-to-dull luster, cryptocrystalline structure, and no visible cleavage; the specimen shows pale blue-green color with dark brown/black matrix or pits. Exact identification is uncertain from the image alone because similar materials include variscite, dyed howlite, and chrysocolla.

Formation & geological history

Forms as a secondary mineral in arid, oxidized copper deposits when phosphate-rich groundwater alters aluminum-bearing rock. Deposits are generally geologically young relative to their host rocks, commonly Cenozoic to older hydrothermal systems.

Uses & applications

Used as a cabochon, bead, carving, and collector specimen; historically valued in jewelry and ornamentation. It is relatively soft and porous, so it is often stabilized with resin.

Geological facts

Turquoise’s color reflects copper, while iron tends to produce greener hues and matrix records the surrounding host rock. Many commercial pieces are stabilized, reconstituted, dyed, or imitated.

Field identification & locations

Common sources include Iran, the southwestern United States, Mexico, China, Egypt, and Chile. Field clues are blue-green color, low hardness, opaque waxy appearance, and often brown host-matrix veining; testing should be non-destructive.