mineral

Tumbled turquoise

Turquoise — hydrated copper aluminum phosphate, CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Blue-green to green, typically waxy to dull luster, opaque, cryptocrystalline and massive; Mohs hardness 5–6, poor cleavage, specific gravity about 2.6–2.9. The specimen appears naturally rough or lightly tumbled, with pale turquoise coloration and possible matrix.

Identified August 24, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms as a secondary mineral in arid, oxidized copper deposits when phosphate-bearing groundwater alters aluminum-rich rock. Most deposits are Cenozoic to relatively young geologically, commonly associated with weathered porphyry copper systems.

Uses & applications

Used as a gemstone, beads, carvings, cabochons, and ornamental objects; historically important in jewelry and ritual art. Stabilized or dyed turquoise is common commercially.

Geological facts

Color comes mainly from copper; iron commonly shifts it toward green, while zinc can produce pale blue. Famous sources include Iran, Arizona and Nevada, China, Chile, and Mexico.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its opaque blue-green color, low-to-moderate hardness, waxy surface, and often brown or black limonite matrix; beware dyed howlite, magnesite, and plastic imitations. Avoid acids, heat, and prolonged soaking.