mineral

Tumbled turquoise

Turquoise — hydrated copper aluminum phosphate, CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Blue-green, opaque, waxy to subvitreous luster; typically microcrystalline and massive, with no visible cleavage. Mohs hardness 5–6; specific gravity about 2.6–2.8. The rounded, polished shape indicates human processing.

Identified September 18, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms as a secondary mineral in arid, oxidized copper deposits when phosphate-bearing groundwater alters aluminum-rich rock. Most gem turquoise is geologically young, commonly formed during Cenozoic weathering.

Uses & applications

Used in cabochon jewelry, carvings, inlay, and ornamental objects; lower-grade material may be stabilized with resin or dyed. Construction use is negligible.

Geological facts

Natural turquoise commonly shows brown or black limonite/matrix veining, though this specimen appears relatively clean. Color ranges from sky blue to green depending largely on copper and iron content.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its blue-green color, opaque compact texture, moderate hardness, and relatively low density; distinguish from dyed howlite, magnesite, and plastic with testing. Important sources include Iran, Arizona, Nevada, China, Mexico, and Chile.