mineral

Tumbled turquoise

Turquoise — hydrated copper aluminum phosphate, CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Usually blue to blue-green with a waxy to subvitreous luster; Mohs hardness 5–6, opaque, cryptocrystalline, and lacking visible cleavage. The specimen appears polished or tumbled, with possible stabilization or dyeing; dark matrix is not clearly visible.

Identified August 16, 2026More mineral →

Explore Tumbled turquoise in the encyclopedia →

Identify your own rocks.

Get a report just like this from any photo, free.

App Store Google Play

Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms as a secondary mineral in arid, copper-rich, phosphate-bearing zones through groundwater alteration, commonly in Cenozoic to older host rocks. Major sources include Iran, the southwestern United States, China, Chile, and Mexico.

Uses & applications

Used as a gemstone in cabochons, beads, carvings, and jewelry, and collected as an ornamental mineral. Softer material is often stabilized with resin for durability.

Geological facts

Its blue color comes mainly from copper, while iron commonly produces greener tones. The name derives from the historic route through Turkey, although much turquoise was mined elsewhere.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its opaque blue-green color, relatively low hardness, waxy surface, and often brown or black host-rock matrix; avoid prolonged chemicals, heat, and soaking. Common localities include Nevada and Arizona, USA, and Nishapur, Iran.