mineral

Tumbled turquoise

Turquoise, hydrated copper–aluminum phosphate: CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Opaque vivid blue, waxy-to-subvitreous luster, commonly veined; Mohs hardness 5–6, specific gravity 2.6–2.9, cryptocrystalline/triclinic aggregate with no visible cleavage. The rounded shape indicates tumbling and polishing; color may be stabilized or dyed.

Identified August 25, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms as a secondary mineral in arid, oxidized copper deposits when phosphate-bearing groundwater alters aluminum-rich rock. Deposits are generally geologically young relative to host rocks, commonly Cenozoic to Mesozoic.

Uses & applications

Used as a gemstone in cabochons, beads, carvings, and jewelry; also collected as a mineral specimen. High-quality natural turquoise is more valuable than stabilized, reconstructed, or dyed material.

Geological facts

The blue color comes mainly from copper, while green shades reflect iron substitution. Matrix patterns and locality are important for identification and value.

Field identification & locations

Common sources include Iran, Arizona and Nevada, China, Mexico, and Chile. It is identified by blue-green color, opaque appearance, waxy luster, moderate hardness, and often brown or black matrix; a scratch test can damage it and is best avoided.