mineral

Tumbled turquoise

Turquoise — hydrated copper aluminum phosphate, CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Opaque blue-green, typically waxy to subvitreous luster, cryptocrystalline structure, Mohs hardness 5–6, and no obvious cleavage; brown matrix or veining is common. The rounded shape indicates tumbling or polishing, and color may be stabilized or dyed.

Identified August 26, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Turquoise forms as a secondary mineral in arid, oxidized zones of copper deposits, commonly replacing aluminum-rich rock. Deposits are geologically young relative to their host rocks and occur chiefly in the southwestern United States, Iran, China, Egypt, and Mexico.

Uses & applications

Used for cabochon jewelry, carvings, beads, and ornamental objects; lower-grade material is used for decorative stone. Stabilized or reconstructed turquoise is common commercially.

Geological facts

Natural turquoise commonly contains brown limonite or dark host-rock matrix. Bright, uniform blue-green color and very low price can indicate dyeing, stabilization, or imitation.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its opaque blue-green color, relatively soft hardness, waxy surface, and copper-related color; avoid confusing it with dyed howlite or plastic. Common localities include Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico, Iran, and Hubei, China.