mineral

Turquoise (Blue Howlite / Magnesite imitation)

CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O (for natural Turquoise); Ca2B5SiO9(OH)5 (for Howlite)

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness: 5.0–6.0 (Natural) or 3.5 (Howlite). Color: Sky blue with dark matrix veining. Luster: Waxy to sub-vitreous. Crystal Structure: Triclinic (usually massive).

Hardness: 5
Color: Sky blue with dark matrix veining
Luster: Waxy to sub-vitreous

Identified March 25, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 5.0–6.0 (Natural) or 3.5 (Howlite). Color: Sky blue with dark matrix veining. Luster: Waxy to sub-vitreous. Crystal Structure: Triclinic (usually massive).

Formation & geological history

Natural Turquoise forms as a secondary mineral in the oxidation zones of copper deposits. However, carved specimens with this specific uniform 'spider-web' pattern are often dyed Howlite or Magnesite, which are borate/carbonate minerals found in evaporate deposits.

Uses & applications

Used primarily in jewelry, lapidary arts, and as decorative carvings (like the mushroom shape shown). Highly valued in Southwestern and Middle Eastern decorative arts.

Geological facts

Turquoise is one of the oldest gemstones in human history, used by Egyptians since 3000 BCE. The blue color comes from copper, while green shades are caused by iron or dehydration.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its waxy luster and unique matrix. Field identification involves checking for copper-rich host rocks. For potentially dyed imitations, a 'swab test' with acetone may reveal artificial pigments.