mineral

Turquoise cabochon ring

Turquoise, hydrated copper aluminum phosphate — CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Blue-green, opaque, waxy to vitreous luster with brown iron- or manganese-rich matrix. Mohs hardness 5–6; cryptocrystalline/triclinic, generally without visible cleavage; specific gravity about 2.6–2.9.

Identified September 15, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms as a secondary mineral in arid, oxidized copper deposits when phosphate-bearing groundwater alters aluminum-rich host rock. Most turquoise is Cenozoic to relatively young geologically, though deposits occur in much older rocks.

Uses & applications

Used extensively in jewelry, ornamental objects, and carvings; the surrounding setting appears to be silver-toned metal. Value depends strongly on natural versus stabilized/reconstituted material, color, matrix, and provenance.

Geological facts

The vivid blue color comes mainly from copper; greener tones commonly reflect iron. Brown matrix and irregular color zoning are characteristic of many natural turquoise specimens.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its opaque blue-green color, relatively low hardness, waxy appearance, and porous matrix; it should not fizz with dilute acid. Common sources include Iran, the southwestern United States, China, Mexico, Chile, and Egypt.