mineral

Turquoise cabochon

Turquoise, CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O; likely stabilized or matrix-bearing

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Opaque sky-blue to blue-green, waxy to subvitreous luster, commonly with brown limonite matrix; triclinic crystal system but usually massive. Mohs hardness 5–6, specific gravity about 2.6–2.9, with poor cleavage.

Identified September 18, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms as a secondary copper-aluminum phosphate in arid soils and weathered, oxidized copper deposits, generally during relatively recent geological weathering. The pictured piece is polished into a cabochon and may be stabilized with resin.

Uses & applications

Used for cabochon jewelry, beads, carvings, and ornamentation; historically significant in Native American, Persian, Egyptian, and Central Asian jewelry. Matrix patterns can increase visual appeal but do not prove high quality.

Geological facts

Natural turquoise ranges from vivid “robin’s-egg” blue to green; iron commonly shifts color toward green. Common imitations include dyed howlite or magnesite, plastic, and composite turquoise.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its opaque blue-green color, relatively low hardness, waxy texture, and brown matrix; it should not scratch glass reliably. Major sources include Iran, Arizona and Nevada, China, Mexico, Chile, and Tibet.