mineral

Turquoise cabochon

Turquoise, hydrated copper aluminum phosphate — CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Typically opaque blue to blue-green with a waxy to subvitreous luster; Mohs hardness 5–6, triclinic crystal system, and generally massive rather than visibly crystalline. The specimen appears polished and may be stabilized or dyed; dark matrix-like markings are possible but not diagnostic from the image.

Identified September 4, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms as a secondary phosphate mineral in arid, oxidized copper deposits, often replacing aluminum-rich rock. Deposits are commonly Cenozoic to older, with famous sources in Iran, the American Southwest, China, Chile, and Mexico.

Uses & applications

Used for cabochon jewelry, beads, carvings, and ornamental objects; high-quality natural turquoise is collectible.

Geological facts

Its blue color comes mainly from copper, while greener tones commonly reflect iron substitution or weathering. Much commercial turquoise is stabilized with resin to improve durability and color.

Field identification & locations

Field identification uses its opaque blue-green color, relatively low hardness, waxy appearance, and copper-bearing geological setting; plastics and dyed howlite are common imitations. Value is typically $5–$30 for a small treated cabochon, $30–$200 for attractive natural material, and considerably more for rare high-grade turquoise.