mineral
Turquoise color-bead and Hematite necklace
Turquoise (CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O) and Hematite (Fe2O3)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectTurquoise: Hardness 5-6, waxy/matte luster, sky-blue/green. Hematite: Hardness 5.5-6.5, metallic luster, steel-gray, high specific gravity.
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Physical properties
Turquoise: Hardness 5-6, waxy/matte luster, sky-blue/green. Hematite: Hardness 5.5-6.5, metallic luster, steel-gray, high specific gravity.
Formation & geological history
Turquoise is a secondary mineral that forms through the infiltration of moisture through aluminum-rich rocks. Hematite is an iron oxide found in banded iron formations and as a sublimation product in volcanic areas.
Uses & applications
Primary use is in jewelry, lapidary arts, and as ornamental gemstones. Hematite also serves as a major ore of iron.
Geological facts
Turquoise has been mined since at least 3000 BCE in Ancient Egypt. Many modern turquoise beads are actually dyed Howlite or Magnesite to lower costs.
Field identification & locations
Identify Turquoise by its robin-egg blue color and dark matrix veins. Identify Hematite by its 'metal' feel and red streak when scratched on unglazed porcelain.
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