mineral

Turquoise in Matrix

Hydrated copper aluminum phosphate, CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O

Hardness: 5-6 on the Mohs scale. Color: Shades of green, blue-green, and sky blue with dark host rock (matrix) inclusions. Luster: Waxy to sub-vitreous. Crystal Structure: Triclinic. Cleavage: Perfect in one direction, good in another, but rarely seen. Specific Gravity: 2.60-2.85.

Hardness: 5-6 on the Mohs scale
Luster: Waxy to sub-vitreous

Identified July 30, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed by the chemical action of descending acidic aqueous solutions during the weathering and oxidation of pre-existing copper deposits, typically in arid climates.

Uses & applications

Widely used in jewelry making, ornamental carvings, and inlay work.

Geological facts

Turquoise is one of the world's most ancient gem materials, prized by ancient civilizations including the Egyptians, Persians, and Native Americans for thousands of years as a stone of protection and healing.

Field identification & locations

Found in arid regions where copper is abundant, notably in the southwestern United States, Iran, China, and the Sinai Peninsula. Collectors value turquoise based on color intensity, absence of webbing (or attractive spiderweb patterns), and natural un-stabilized state.

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