mineral

Turquoise in Matrix

CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O (Hydrated copper aluminum phosphate)

Hardness: 5-6 on Mohs scale; Color: Sky-blue to bluish-green or apple-green with dark matrix veins; Luster: Waxy to sub-vitreous; Crystal system: Triclinic (usually microcrystalline mass); Specific gravity: 2.6-2.9

Hardness: 5-6 on Mohs scale
Luster: Waxy to sub-vitreous

Identified July 23, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Secondary mineral formed by the percolation of acidic aqueous solutions through copper-bearing and aluminum-rich rocks during the weathering process. Often found in arid or semi-arid hydrothermal copper deposits.

Uses & applications

Widely used as an ornamental gemstone, in traditional Native American and Southwestern jewelry, cabochons, beads, and carved sculptures.

Geological facts

Turquoise is one of the oldest known gemstones, mined since at least 3000 BCE in Sinai. The name originates from the French 'turquois', meaning 'Turkish', as it was brought to Europe via trade routes through Turkey.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its signature robin's egg blue to turquoise-green color with dark brown, black, or metallic host rock matrix veins. Major sources include the US Southwest (Arizona, Nevada), Iran, China, and Mexico.

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